Samuel Rutherford
Biography of Samuel Rutherford
Full Name and Common Aliases
Full Name: Samuel Rutherford
Common Aliases: None known
Birth and Death Dates
Birth Date: Circa 1600
Death Date: March 29, 1661
Nationality and Profession(s)
Nationality: Scottish
Profession(s): Theologian, Pastor, Author, Professor
Early Life and Background
Samuel Rutherford was born around the year 1600 in the small village of Nisbet, Roxburghshire, Scotland. Details about his early life are sparse, but it is known that he was the son of a farmer. His humble beginnings did not deter him from pursuing education, and he eventually attended the University of Edinburgh. There, he excelled in his studies, earning a Master of Arts degree in 1621. His academic prowess and deep interest in theology set the stage for his future endeavors as a prominent theologian and pastor.
Major Accomplishments
Rutherford's career was marked by his unwavering commitment to the Presbyterian cause and his influential role in the religious and political life of 17th-century Scotland. In 1627, he was appointed as the minister of the parish of Anwoth in Galloway. His tenure there was characterized by fervent preaching and pastoral care, which earned him a reputation as a dedicated and compassionate minister.
One of Rutherford's significant accomplishments was his involvement in the Westminster Assembly, convened in 1643. This assembly was tasked with restructuring the Church of England, and Rutherford played a crucial role in shaping the theological and ecclesiastical direction of the church. His contributions to the assembly's work, particularly in the formulation of the Westminster Confession of Faith, were instrumental in defining Presbyterian doctrine.
Notable Works or Actions
Samuel Rutherford was a prolific writer, and his works have had a lasting impact on Christian theology. Among his most notable writings is "Lex, Rex" (1644), a political treatise that argued against the divine right of kings and advocated for constitutional government. This work was considered radical at the time and led to Rutherford's temporary imprisonment.
Another significant contribution is his collection of letters, published posthumously as "Letters of Samuel Rutherford." These letters, written to various individuals, reveal his deep spiritual insight and pastoral concern. They have been cherished for their theological depth and personal warmth, offering guidance and encouragement to readers across generations.
Impact and Legacy
Samuel Rutherford's impact on theology and the Presbyterian Church is profound. His advocacy for Presbyterianism and his role in the Westminster Assembly helped solidify the Presbyterian structure and doctrine that continue to influence Reformed churches worldwide. His writings, particularly "Lex, Rex," have been credited with influencing political thought, contributing to the development of constitutionalism and the concept of government accountability.
Rutherford's legacy is also evident in his pastoral work. His letters have inspired countless individuals, providing spiritual nourishment and comfort. His ability to articulate complex theological concepts in a relatable manner has ensured that his writings remain relevant and accessible to modern readers.
Why They Are Widely Quoted or Remembered
Samuel Rutherford is widely quoted and remembered for his profound theological insights and his passionate defense of Presbyterian principles. His writings, especially his letters, are celebrated for their eloquence and depth, offering timeless wisdom on faith, suffering, and the Christian life. His ability to convey complex theological ideas with clarity and compassion has made his works a valuable resource for theologians, pastors, and laypeople alike.
Rutherford's influence extends beyond theology; his political treatise "Lex, Rex" has been recognized as a foundational text in the development of modern political thought. His arguments for constitutional government and the accountability of rulers resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and civil liberties.
In summary, Samuel Rutherford's enduring legacy is a testament to his intellectual rigor, spiritual depth, and unwavering commitment to his faith. His contributions to theology, politics, and pastoral care continue to inspire and guide individuals seeking to understand and live out their faith in a complex world.
Quotes by Samuel Rutherford
Samuel Rutherford's insights on:
To believe Christ's cross to be a friend, as he himself is a friend, is also a special act of faith.
Whenever I find myself in the cellar of affliction, I always look about for the wine.
I find my Lord Jesus cometh not in the precise way that I lay wait for Him. He hath a manner of His own. Oh, how high are His ways above my ways.
The devil is but a whetstone to sharpen the faith and patience of the saints.-.
Christ and His cross are not separable in this life, howbeit Christ and His cross part at heaven’s door, for there is no house-room for crosses in heaven. One tear, one sigh, one sad heart, one fear, one loss, one thought of trouble cannot find lodging there.
Show yourself a Christian by suffering without murmuring. In patience possess your soul – they lose nothing who gain Christ.
She is not sent away, but only sent before, like unto a star, which, going out of your sight, doth not die and vanish, but shineth in another hemisphere: ye see her not yet, she doth shine in another country.
When we shall come home and enter to the possession of our Brother’s fair kingdom, and when our heads shall find the weight of the eternal crown of glory, and when we shall look back to pains and sufferings; then shall we see life and sorrow to be less than one step or stride from a prison to glory; and that our little inch of time-suffering is not worthy of our first night’s welcome home to heaven.
I had but one joy, the apple of the eye of my delights, to preach Christ my Lord.
I am in as sweet communion with Christ as a poor sinner can be; and am only pained that He hath much beauty and fairness, and I little love; He great power and mercy, and I little faith; He much light, and I bleared eyes.